首页 -> 2007年第9期

被动形式表示主动意义的语法特征初探

作者：李　凌

　　和谈正在巴黎举行｡
　　和谈正在巴黎被举行｡
　　She was born of a poor family.
　　她出身贫寒｡
　　她被出生于贫穷的家庭｡
　　3.英语中的一些被动句式表示主动意义,但是其意义与汉语并非是简单的一一对应关系,切不可望文生义｡它们或与动词意义相去甚远,或是习惯用法｡这种情况的被动式不多,现列举如下:
　　be given to sthdoing sth习惯于;be used to习惯于;be fed up with对……极其讨厌;be caught in遇上;be related tobe connected with与……有关;be supposed to应该;be expected to有望;be faced with面对;be taken ill生病;be taken aback吃惊;be taken up with专注于;致力于;be mistaken错了;be located atin;be situated atinon坐落于;位于;be bound for要……往去;be inclined to想做某事;倾向于;be disposed to do sth想做某事;be marked by特点是;以……为特点;be characterized by特点是;be delivered of生(小孩);be brought to bed of (美俚)生(小孩);be famed for以……著称｡如:
　　He is given to going for long walks on his own.他习惯于独自散步走很长的路｡
　　You are supposed to hand in your homework today.你应该今天交作业｡
　　I was taken aback by his rudeness.他那么无礼,我很吃惊｡
　　She is taken up with teaching .她目前大部分时间和精力都用在教书上｡
　　This train is bound for Shanghai.这列火车是开往上海的｡
　　I’m not disposed to meet them at the moment.我不打算此刻会见他们｡
　　She is brought to bed of yet another baby.她又生了一个孩子｡
　　总之,英语是一种分析性语言,汉语是一种综合性语言,英语强调形合,而汉语则更强调意合｡英译汉时, 应在“信”的基础上舍“形”而取“达”,否则会因文而损意｡
　　(参考文献本刊略)(责任编辑 张茂林)
　　

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