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对早期教育环境不良儿童的学前干预及追踪研究

作者:王书荃



  学前干预使儿童有了一定的入学准备,这种入学准备使他们进入小学后,面对学习材料时不易发生心理上的不适应,有自信,并能够获得成功。成功的经验进一步使这些儿童较对照组儿童更易获得成就感,从而得到老师、同学、父母以及周围人的认可。初入小学的适应心理和被认可,将转变成他们在校学习的动力。发达国家近20年对早期干预的科学研究证明:早期干预对日后的小学教育有长久的影响,接受过早期干预的学生喜欢上学,学习成绩较好;语言表达、理解能力、自主能力、动作发育等方面强,因此他们较少留级[4]。我们的研究再一次佐证了这个观点。
  
  5 结论
  
  5.1 使用《儿童早期发展手册》干预方案,对早期生活和教育环境不良的儿童实施干预有肯定的效果。
  5.2 通过短期的学前干预,帮助儿童做好接受小学教育的准备,能够较好地适应学校教育。
  5.3 接受过学前教育的儿童,在小学容易获得学业的成功,降低了留级率和辍学率。
  
  参考文献
  1 朱智贤.儿童心理发展基本理论. 北京:北京师范大学出版社,1982.39-93
  2 梅建,杨育林等. 微山湖区儿童智力状况分析. 心理科学,1993,16(2):34-37
  3 梅建,陈辉,杨育林等.影响湖区儿童教育因素的调查和分析.中国心理卫生杂志,1998,12(1):51-52
  4 陈云英.残疾儿童早期干预.见:陈云英主编.波特奇教程应用(内部资料),1992.8
  
  Preschool Intervention for Children brought up in an
  Inadequate Early Educational Environment:
  A Longitudinal Study in Primary Education
  
  [WTHX][JZ]WANG Shuquan (China National Institute for Educational Research, Beijing,100088)
  
  Abstract
  Aim: We intervened with children who were brought up in an inadequate early educational environment. We then followed them up in their primary education. The results showed that: The effect of the use of the “Handbook of Early Child's Development” on children brought up in inadequate early educational environment was positive. Preschool intervention facilitated children's cognitive ability, prepared their psychological states for subsequent primary education, and minimised class detainment and drop-outs.
  Key words
  inadequate environment in early education cognition drop-out from school
  
  (责任编校:张冲)
  

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