首页 -> 2007年第3期
特殊儿童回声性言语的语用功能
作者：周 兢 李晓燕
7 17 25 Schreibman L , Carr E G . Elimination of echolalic responding t o quest ions through the training of a generalized verbal response . Journal of AppliedBehavior Analysis , 1978 , 11 : 453 - 463
8 Roberts , JM . Echolalia and comprehension in autistic children . Journalof Autism Development Disorders . 1989, 19 ( 2 ) : 271 - 81
9 Violette J , Swisher L . Echolalic responses by a child with autism to fourexperimental conditions of sociolinguistic input . Journal of Speech and HearingResearch , 1992 , 35 ( 2 ) : 139 - 147
10 Creaghead N . Therapy Strategies for Echolalia .http://www.speechpathology.com/askexpert/displayquestion.asp?question id=101.2004-12-13
11 12 14 30 Prizant B M . Language acquisition and communicative behaviorin autism: toward an understanding of the “ whole ” of it . Journal of Speech and Heari ng Disorders , 1983 , 48 : 296-307
13 Grandin T . Thinking in picture . New York : Random House , Inc，1996. 1 -28
15 Schuler A L . Eeholalia: issues and clinical applications . Journal of Speec h and Hearing Disorders 1979 , 44 : 411-434
16 31 Tiegerman E . Language and communication disorders in children (3rd).N Y: Macmillan , 1993.
18 Howlin P. The home treatment of autistic children , 1980 . In Delayedechola lia in autism : some observations on differences within the term . Child : care,health and development , 1981 , 7：331 - 345
19 Fay W G，Schuler A L . Emerging language in autistic children. In Dyer C，Ha dden A J . Delayed eeholalia in autism: some observati ons on differences within the term . Child : care , health and development , 198 1, 7：331-345
20 28 Ninil A , Snow C E . Pragmatic development. Bouldwe , CO : Westview Pres s, 1986 . 1 - 20
21 Snow C E . Social perspectives on the emergence of language. In MacWhinney B(eds). The emergence of language . NJ : Lawrence Erbaum Associ ates, 1999. 257-276
22 Snow C E , Pan B A , Imbens-Bailey , A，et al. Learning how to saywhat one means: a longitudinal study of children's speech act use . Social Devel opment, 1996, 5: 56 - 84
23 周兢. 重视儿童语言运用能力的发展 － 汉语儿童语用发展研究给早期语言教育带来的 启示. 学前教育研究 , 2002 , 3 : 8 - 10
24 Fay W H , Butler B V. Echo reaction as an approach to semantic resolutio n . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 1971, 14: 645 - 651
26 Carr E , Schreibman L, Lovaas O L . Control of echolalia in psychotic child ren. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1975, 3 : 331 - 351
29 周兢，余珍有. 幼儿园语言教育. 北京：人民教育出版社，2004. 150-151
The Pragmatic Functions of Echolalia among
Children with Special Needs
ZHOU Jing LI Xiaoyan
(School of Preshool and Special Education,East China Normal Uni versity, Shanghai, 200062)
AbstractEcholalia is a form of atypical language, which isquite common amongchildren with language difficulties, such as autistic children, mentally-retarde d children, late talkers and children with specific language impairment. This ar ticle ana lyzes special children's echolalia from the following aspects: its definition, c ategories, causes, interaction value and pragmatic functions.
Key wordsecholalia children with special needs autis m pragmatic function
(责任编校：杨希洁)